Summer is around the corner, so the days are getting longer and you’ve got more time to work on your car. Many common maintenance jobs can be performed with all four wheels on the ground, but it’s sometimes necessary to lift at least one end of the car in the air to access the part that needs to be fixed or replaced.
Jacking up a car isn’t as daunting as it might seem; it’s a simple, straightforward process if you follow basic safety rules. Keep in mind you’re raising a giant hunk of metal and plastic that weighs several thousand pounds, and you’re about to crawl under it. Taking precautions is extremely important. Whether you’re changing the oil or swapping wheels, here’s what you need to know before the tires leave the pavement.
What you will need
The only tool you need is a jack. Nearly every car comes with one, it’s usually in the trunk, but there are aftermarket options which are sturdier and easier to use. We recommend using the factory jack if you’re simply changing a flat tire, but it’s wise to invest in a hydraulic unit if you need to crawl under your car on a regular basis.
Here are some of the most common types of jacks:
Alternatively, you can use a set of floor ramps if the wheels don’t need to come off. Floor jacks and ramps are relatively affordable and available at every auto parts store or online. For example, a set of RhinoRamps costs less than $50 while a traditional floor jack rated at three tons (6,000 pounds) can be had for around $100.
There are other, optional tools that can make your life easier:
- The car’s owner’s manual (to reference engine oil types or bolt torque ratings)
- Jack stands (to add extra stability and safety, especially if you’re tackling a longer job)
- Several pieces of wood capable of bearing weight (to protect your car’s underbody)
- Cinder blocks or similar (to block the wheels)
- Additional lighting equipment (to improve visibility)
- Heavy-duty utility gloves (to protect your hands)
What to understand before jacking your car up
First, ask yourself which part of your car needs to go up in the air. For instance, if you need to change your oil, you should be raising the end of the car that houses the engine. For most cars, it’s at the front, but in some, it’s in the middle or at the rear. If you just need to change a tire, it’s the corner that’s flat that needs to get off the ground.
Additionally, keep in mind there are four wheels, so four points where the vehicle’s total weight is distributed. If your car weighs 4,000 pounds, you’ve got approximately 1,000 pounds weighing down each wheel, though the its layout and its weight distribution could alter this equation. Floor jacks and stands vary in weight capacity, so read the fine print carefully before you buy to ensure what you take home is sturdy enough for the job.
Step 1: Park your car on level ground
Always raise your car on level ground. If you don’t, it could roll or slip off the jack. It’s also best to park it on a hard surface, like tarmac, instead of on grass or on a dirt road.
Step 2: Secure your car in place
Straighten the steering wheel, put the car in park (or in first gear if you have a manual transmission; never in neutral), and firmly engage the parking brake. This keeps it from moving unexpectedly when you’re under it.
Step 3: Locate the suitable jack points
On every car, there are specific spots where a jack plate is welded to the body. This is where the jack needs to go, because not every spot under a car is load-bearing. You can find this information in your owner’s manual, or online. Jack points are normally behind the front wheels and in front of the rear wheels; the diagram below is an example.
Step 4: Position the floor jack under the appropriate spot
In our case, it was in the middle of the crossmember. Place the optional pieces of wood on the jack plate to wedge in between the car’s jack point and the jack itself. This minimizes the risk of damaging the vehicle.
Step 5: Slowly raise the jack until it meets the car
If you’re using a traditional floor jack, make sure the release valve is closed, which is typically done by rotating the main lever clockwise. Then, start raising the jack until it’s in contact with the part of the car going up in the air and check that nothing has moved before you go further. Keep an eye on how it comes in contact with the body.
- Side tip 1: If you need to remove the wheels, remember to loosen the wheels with a lug wrench before they come off the ground.
- Side tip 2: Do not use suspension components as jack points! They are generally not load-bearing and you could damage them. There are exceptions, but since this is a DIY for newcomers, we’ll keep those out for now.
Step 6: Raise the car
Watch how the car moves as you jack it up and stop immediately if it’s tilting to one side. If everything checks out, raise it high enough so that you have enough space to work. You don’t want your rib cage rubbing against the oil pan, but you also don’t need it eight and a half feet off the ground to change a fuel filter.
Step 7: Test the raised vehicle’s stability
Once it’s at the desired height, give the car a quick nudge with your hip to make sure it’s stable.
Step 8: Use extra jack stands
Unless you’re simply changing a wheel, the jack should be used to raise your car, not hold it up in place while it’s in the air. Place jack stands at the appropriate locations and carefully lower the jack until the car is resting on them.
Step 9: Lower your car back down
If you put your car on jack stands, remember to remove them before you lower the vehicle. If you took a wheel off, make sure you put it back on with the lug nuts hand-tightened (fully tighten them with a wrench once the wheels are back on the ground). Then perform steps five and six in reverse — remember, counterclockwise to open the release valve on a traditional jack, and crank counterclockwise on scissor jacks. Do this slowly!
Eventually, the car will rest back on its wheels and you can remove the floor jack completely. Now, you’re ready to get back on the road.
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