It is not your everyday, run-of-the-mill malware. HummingBad is the product of what Check Point describes as a group of “highly organized … Chinese cyber criminals that is working alongside multimillion-dollar Beijing analytics company Yingmob. It has serious developer muscle behind it: the HummingBad division, which bears the innocuous title “Development Team for Overseas Platform,” staffs 25 developers split into “four separate groups,” each responsible for maintaining the malware’s individual components. And Yingmob shares resources, including servers and the software certificates necessary to perform app installations, with HummingBad.
HummingBad infects primarily through “drive-by download,” or by installing itself on devices that visit infected webpages and sites. Its code, which is obfuscated by encryption, attempts to install itself on a given device persistently by multiple means.
The first, a “silent operation” that occurs in the background, is triggered every time the device boots up and its screen turns on. Hummingbird then checks to see if the device’s user account is “rooted” — i.e., has administrative privileges that can bypass security checks — and, if it is, it grants itself unfettered access to files and folders. Failing that, the malware attempts to root the device itself by running “multiple exploits” until it finds one that works.
But HummingBad has a Plan B, too: social engineering. The app pops open a window about an imminent “system update, which, in reality, is malicious code. If an unwitting victim permits the bogus “upgrade,” HummingBad connects to a remote server to download and launch additional applications. One nasty possibility? A keylogger that could “capture credentials and even bypass encrypted email containers used by enterprises,” wrote Check Point.
The driving force behind HummingBad’s development is profit, Check Point reported. Yingmob is currently generating $300,000 per month — $4 million per year — in fraudulent ad revenue. But the group, if it chose, could decide to pursue a far more nefarious purpose: the sale of personal data on infected devices.
HummingBad has gained its largest footholds in Asian markets. More than 1.6 million of the infected devices reside in China and another 1.35 million in India. That compares to 288,800 in the US. Collectively, Yingmob’s suite of malware now reaches 85 million phones and tablets and is now autonomously installing more than 50,000 apps a day, according to Checkpoint.
Google has yet to issue guidance regarding the detection and removal of HummingBad. We will update this story if it does.
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