NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) recently marked 15 years since its launch, and to celebrate NASA has shared some of the most beautiful images that the spacecraft has captured during its tenure.
Armed with three different cameras, the orbiting spacecraft has been invaluable for mapping out Mars’s surface, for seeing rock formations, and for learning about the planet’s atmosphere. It is even capable of looking beneath the surface using radar.
The three cameras are for different purposes. The Mars Color Imager (MARCI) is used to create a global map of the planet which helps to identify changes between the Martian seasons and changes over the years, observing phenomena like dust storms and measuring the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Images of the terrain are captured in black and white by the Context Camera (CTX). And finally, the most famous and beautiful images of the planet are captured by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), such as the three images below.
This image has been colorized to show off the ripples seen on the surface of Mars around a large sand dune, shown in the center of the image, which is located in the Proctor Crater. Taken in 2009, this image helped to show scientists that the Martian surface was not static but changed over time, demonstrating the way that winds on the planet move and reform surface features over the years.
Another HiRISE image from 2019 captured an avalanche in action, caused when ice vaporized as spring brought higher temperatures. The disappearing ice affected the stability of these cliffs located near the north pole, reaching 1,640 feet tall, which began to crumble and so exposed layers of rock which had been gradually deposited over thousands of years.
This striking image taken in November 2013 has also been colorized to show the dramatic impact crater created when a meteor smashed into the planet. The crater is 100 feet wide but the impact threw debris distances of up to 9.3 miles from the impact point.
Mars is particularly vulnerable to meteor impacts due to its thin atmosphere which provides little protection against incoming objects. Observations with the CTX indicated that this is a fresh impact crater, created between July 2010 and May 2012.
To see even more images the MRO has captured of Mars, you can head to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory website.
